Pages: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

  With the help of the Multi-Function Routine Polarograph OH-107 ("Radelkis", Hungary) we studied polarographic curves of the samples of distilled water, exposed to noncontact electroactivation by the action of activated solutions of catholyte and anolyte through a Dacron partition. Anolyte and catholyte were synthesized with the STEL device. Noncontact activation of the distilled water was carried out in static conditions by the method of immersion of a hermetically sealed Dacron capacity, filled up with initial distilled water, in ECA-media (in catholyte or anolyte). Polarografic curves, specifying status of the distilled water activated by noncontact method in different ECA-solutions, are shown in Fig. 1 and 2.

  In Fig. 1 the polarographic curve of a distilled water sample, exposed to noncontact cathode activation is shown in the background of similar curves for initial distilled water, heated up to different temperatures. One can see that a segment of polarographic curve, featuring activation of water, obviously exceeds the increase of polarization current resulted from heating for the given range of U values.

  Fig 2. Polarograms of the distilled water samples: 1 - initial water (matured for 6 days); 2 - noncontact activation by an acid anolyte; 3 - noncontact activation by ANC anolyte;

  In Fig. 2 one can see polarogram of the initial distilled water sample, matured for 6 days in a laboratory at room temperature. It was assumed that such water, keeping, according to a hypothesis, features of mechanoactivation immediately after its acquisition, would be fully stabilized by the end of a 6-day storage. Comparison of the standard curves in Fig. 1 and 2 shows that "aging" of a distilled water does not affect significantly the polarogram's shape (this question needs further investigation). When the water is under noncontact action of acid anolyte (pH=3±0.3; ORP=1050±20mV, CSE) through a Dacron partition, the shape of polarographic curve practically did not differ from the initial control's. Nevertheless, activation of water by means of noncontact action of anolyte ANC (pH=8.3±0.4; ORP=730±40mV, CSE) was accompanied by appearance on a polarographic curve (curve 3) of a well-defined activation segment in the whole range of the studied U values. Thus, the mentioned segment keeps a "memory" of cathode action in the process of anolyte ANC synthesis, regardless of its electron acceptor properties, that is disregarding high values of ORP.

  An attempt to achieve a noncontact activation of distilled water by means of action through Dacron of electrochemically synthesized hypochlorite solution (pH=9.3±0.01; ORP=795±25mV, CSE; electric conductivity - 115 mOm/cm) have not induced any significant changes in a distilled water polarogram.

  Indirect (noncontact) electrochemical activation (ECA) of water and aqeous solutions is carried out by means of action on water and aqueous solutions of activated catholyte or anolyte, produced as a result of direct unipolar (cathodic or anodic) elctrochemical treatment through dense sealing materials, not conducting electric current and devoid of mass-transfer properties. The given study is devoted to the revelation of polarographic evidences of indirect ECA of distilled water by catholyte, acting through a wall of polymer capacity. Experiments were carried out according to the following methodology. 0.33 l capacity made of Dacron was filled up with distilled water and thoroughly sealed. Catholyte of aqua-saline solution produced on the STEL device, was poured into a chemical glass of 1 l volume. Sealed Dacron capacity with distilled water was immersed into the chemical glass with catholyte as it is shown in Fig. 1.

  Duration of the hermetically sealed Dacron capacity with distilled water exposure in catholyte was 24 hours at a room temperature 19-21°C. Values of pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and electric conductivity of distilled water were studied, as well as pH and ORP values of catholyte before the beginning of experiment (initial values), at the beginning of exposure (t₀) and after 24-hours exposure (t₂₄). In control experiments the catholyte in chemical glass was replaced by a concentrated KOH solution (imitation of activating medium). With the help of the Multi-function routine polarograph OH-107 ("Radelkis", Hungary) polarigraphic curves , characterizing migration activity (flux density) of electrons from a measuring electrode through the tested aqueous medium were registered.

  Fig 1. Schematic diagram of the experiment on study of noncontact ECA-activation of aqeous media through a wall of polymer capacity 1. - Sealed polymer capacity of Dacron; 2. - Chemical glass; 3. - Activated medium (distilled water); 4. - Activating medium (catholyte of saline solution).

  Results of experiments

  Initial indices: for distilled water samples - pH=6.2±0.2; ORP = 445±30 mV (measuring electrode - Pt; reference electrode - clore-silver (CSE); electric conductivity - 5mkOm/cm; for catholyte - pH = 12.0±0.3; ORP = (-840±10) mV, CSE; for concentrated KOH solution - pH = 12.0±0.1; ORP = (-50±10) mV, CSE. At the beginning of the experiment (t₀), parameters of the studied fluids were practically similar to the initial values. By the end of exposure period (t₂₄) KOH solution indices were also practically the same as the initial ones. Distilled water indices after its exposure during 24 hours in a sealed Dacron capacity, immersed in KOH solution, were as follows: pH = 6.0±0.1; ORP = 435±30 mV, CSE; electric conductivity - 5 mkOm/cm. Thus, strong KOH solution did not have any effect at all on the studied indices of distilled water, separated from it by a Dacron partition. Parameters of catholyte after 24-hour exposure in a chemical glass were: pH = 11.9±0.3; ORP = (-60±20) mV, CSE. In the samples of distilled water after 24-hour exposure in a sealed Dacron capacity, immersed in catholyte: pH = 5.9±0.1; ORP = 195±25 mV, CSE (250 mV lower than intial values; P < 0.001); electric conductivity - 5 mkOm/cm. Thus alkaline elctroactivated solution did not affect pH and electric conductivity values of distilled water through a wall of Daxron capacity, but induced a certain regression of ORP, which may be considered as a phenomenon of noncontact cathode activation, not related to mass-exchange processes, since Dacron does not possess filtering and dializing properties.

  Values of pH and electric conductivity of the distilled water samples did not change with noncontact activation, which bears evidence that transport of chemical compounds, present in catholyte, through Dacron in these conditions did not take place. In an equivalent manner, Dacron is impermeable for chemical components of KOH solution. Small chemical admixtures (including gatherings from walls of a Dacron capacity) could impact significantly both on pH and on electric conductivity of distilled water, though in the present experiment nothing of the kind was observed.

  Polarographic curves for the samples of distilled water in initial condition and in Dacron capacities, after 24-hour exposure in catholyte and KOH solutions are represented in Fig. 2. On the plot in Fig. 2 along the absciss axis - are values of a varying potential U, given on a point measuring electrode, along the ordinate - the polarizing current values in conventional units (c.u.). Curve 1 characterizes initial sample of distilled water before the filling up of Dacron capacity, cyrve 2 - corresponds to the same distilled water sample after 24-hour exposure in catholyte, curve 3 (denoted by a thin line) - is a polarogram of distilled water, exposed during 24 hours in Dacron capacity, immersed in a concentrated KOH solution (control).

  Fig 2. Polarograms of distilled water samples 1 - control; 2 - noncontact astivation by catholyte through Dacron membrane; 3 - imitation of activation by KOH solution (T,°C = 21°)

  Smooth character of polarografic curves of the distilled water samples, initial and after 24-hour incubation period in Dacron capacity immersed in KOH solution, indicates homogeneity of these aqueous media. At the same time, curves 1 and 2 practically coincide. Polarogram of the distilled water sample, exposed in Dacron capacity, immersed for 24 hours in activated catholyte, features the appearance of a characteristic segment with increased values of polarizing current as compared to initial reference in the U range from 0 to 1.4 V. When atmospheric air is blown through the distilled water, cathodely activated by means of a noncontact method (by catholyte through Dacron), the activation segment on polarogram gradually flattened in the direction of reference (initial) values (along the arrow, denoted "inact." = inactivation). In 10-12 min. the polarogram of inactivated sample returned to initial form (curve 2 transformed in appearance into curve 1). Full relaxation of noncontact cathode activation features of distilled water under passive settling at a room temperature was completed during 3-6 hours with retention of initial values of pH and electric conductivity.

Pages: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.